Designing Interface of Mobile Parenting Information System based on Users ’ Perception Using Kansei Engineering

Users’ psychological emotion plays important role in designing an interface of software including application of information system. This research attempted to implement Kansei Engineering Type I (KEPack) as a method to analyze kinds of emotional factor related to user interface for mobile parenting information system. This research used Kansei Words to explore the users’ requirements based on psychological factors. Eighteen words were used for Kansei Words that have relationship with parenting information system. Ten samples of mobile information system regarding parenting system were selected as specimens considered suitable for designing interface of parenting information system. Data questionnaires collected from thirty respondents were processed using multivariate statistical analysis such as Factor Analysis (FA) and Partial Least Square (PLS). This research found that the two important emotional factors i.e funny and informative have to be considered for designing user interface for mobile parenting information system.


I. INTRODUCTION
uman and Computer Interaction is a field that studies how human interact with computer and the influence of interactions between human and computer.It focuses on considering user interface design and evaluation due to user emotional experiences [1].Several websites are built to meet the information needs of children and parent, however most of them lacks of attention of what users feel about what should be considered in designing a website.Kansei Engineering has a specific method to analyze the implicit needs of users and apply them into design of a product.Defining design comes from human experience, expertise and science that concentrates on the human ability to think, plan and realize a product that meets the daily needs of human beings whether individually or in groups [2,3].This research attempted to analyze the emotional factors related to designing an interface for mobile parenting information system by adopting Kansei Engineering as established discipline that successfully assimilates Kansei, psychology, engineering, and statistics [4].Using Kansei Engineering is able to develop an interface of software that win the heart and mind of the users.Applying Kansei Engineering to evaluate psychological emotion factors would have great impact on building the interface for a mobile parenting information system.The aim of this research is to explore the relationships between users' emotional factors (psychological feeling) with the interface of mobile parenting information system.The result of this research could be used as guide in ensuring developer to enhance a selected mobile learning system has a suitable interface with students' psychological feeling.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Interface design in software development is a crucial part because interface is a part of software that directly faces to users.Software development generally just focuses on functional requirement based on users needs [5].Beside of that, user emotion also important to be translated into elements' design of interface.The more users enjoy the software through its interface the longer software's life time has.Therefore, we tried to explore emotional factors of users, and translate them into design elements as interface design recommendation.By combination of functional requirement and psychological requirement, software development could produce better software which corresponds to users.
Kansei Engineering has been adopted in diverse fields for product emotion including software or application of information systems to absorb users' implicit requirements.It consists of systematic processes to discover perception of users' emotions toward a product through several psychological assessment tools and methods.Kansei Engineering is potential to make the formulation of new product design that embeds users implicit feelings and desires [6,7,8,9].
The development of information system including learning system investigated the element of colors plays important role to enhance experience in web based learning system.Other research investigated the aspect of emotion in interactive learning system with the use of biometric signal and Kansei Engineering, by analyzing knowledge and emotional level [10,11].Other online information system development used Kansei Engineering which revealed Kansei semantic space in online database courseware systems.There were also, other development proposed a theoretical framework of playful interaction in mobile learning [12].

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Kansei Engineering is an engineering emotional aspect in designing interface of a web based information system based on the disciplines of mathematics, statistics, psychology and engineering that enable measuring the emotional aspects of a consumer to a product and linking the results to product design elements [13].
The methodology conducted in this research refers to basic processes of Kansei Engineering Type I (KEPack), as follows: 1. Collecting specimens (samples related to web based parenting information system).It is better to collect more specimens considered as good samples.2. Collecting adjectives as Kansei Words which represent users' emotional aspects related to appearance of interface.3. Defining population of participants as respondents who would be asked to take a look at every specimens one by one, and to give their respons using five point semantic differential scale.4. Gathering all data of questionnaires from respondent, and calculating the average value of Kansei Words for each specimen.5. Doing the evaluation of emotional factors using multivariate analysis such as factor analysis and partial least square.This research used the software of Microsoft Excel and XLStat to calculate and analyze the data questionnaire.6. Proposing a recommendation of specification of interface's elements for designing interface of parenting information system based users' emotional perception.

A. Specimens
There were many good samples of websites related to parenting information system.According to discussion with parenting experts (persons who have experiences or knowledge about children's education and child growth), then we selected and defined ten website as specimens in this research.

B. Kanse Words
This research selected eighteen adjectives as kansei words related to all specimens as show in Table II.In kansei engineering, kansei words are considered as psychological expressions of participants toward to all specimens of parenting systems.

C. Gathering Data Questionnaire
The population of participants for this research varies from minimal number such as five to over thousand in different kansei engineering, depending on objects and measurement tools used [14].Source of survey participants to find kansei words are parents who have young children up to the age of primary school or primary school age children who already understand and be able to interact with the internet and mobile application.Therefore, in this research we invited thirty parents who were familiar with web application and smart phone.These respondents consist of parents aged between the age of 25 years and 50 years old.Then we asked them to explore each specimen for a while, then asked the to fill data questionnaire using five points semantic differential scale, according their emotion when exploring each specimen.
All calculation of data in Figure 1 used software of XLStat.First, we calculate Cronbach's Alpha to measure data reliability.According to the results, we found that the value of Cronbach's Alpha is 0.959 that is higher than 0.7.It means that data questionnaire was reliable and could be used for following analysis using multivariate calculation.All respondents explored each specimen one by one, then according to their emotions they were asked to fill the checklist of questionnaire using five points likert scale between one to five according to what they really feel about each specimen.Fig. 1 shows the results of average calculation of data recapitulation for each specimen indicated by S1 until S8.We found the average value of all kansei words are around 3.

D. Factor Analysis
In behavioral and social studies, researchers need the development of measurements for various variables that can not be measured directly such as behavior, opinions, intelligence, personality etc. Factor analysis is a method that can be used for such measurements [15].The purpose of this analysis is to illustrate the covariance relationships between some underlying factors [16].Table III shows that there are four factors which are potential to determine emotional factors presented by kansei words.Because cumulative value has to be more than 80%, so these four factors have to be considered to investigate emotional kansei words.The result of calculation of factor analysis using varimax rotation is shown in Table IV and Table V.
Table IV shows that according to four factors there are four groups of Kansei Words.Each group consist of selected kansei words that have value more then 0.6.
 First group (funny, unique, cheerful, professional, classic, glamour, elegant, and impressive)  Second group (informative, simple, easy, formal, and harmony)  Third group (sophiscated and calm)  Fouth group (natural and comfort) Kansei words such as natural, informative are not important to be considered as users emotional related to all specimens.Strictly, we could consider minimal value more than 0.9, so there are only two groups that really show users' emotional in this research, as follows.
 First group (funny, unique, and cheerful)  Second group (informative) Therefore, it means that it is enough to consider Factor Analysis's cumulative value of 60% instead of 80% as minimum threshold for determining which Kansei Words' weight towards to specimens.
On the other hand, Table V shows the participants' expression related to all specimens according to four factors.So, we found that each factor determine different specimens as follows:  First group: specimen 7  Second group: specimen 4 According to these results, we found that there are relationships between kansei words and specimens.However, we only focused on kansei words which have great impact in each factor i.e. funny in D1 and informative in D2.So that there are only two specimens to be considered.Specimen 7 (RaisingChildren.net.) based on funny, and specimen 4 (AsuhAnak.com)based on informative.

E. Design Recommendation
Partial Least Square (PLS) is a powerful analytical method because it can be applied to any data scale, does not require many assumptions and the sample size does not have to be large.PLS can be used as a confirmation of theory to be used to build relationships that have no theoretical basis or for testing propositions.PLS also is able to be used for structural modeling with reflective and formative indicators [10].
At this stage the result of factor analysis should be translated into design elements by using PLS analysis.The main purpose of this analysis process is to explore the design elements that greatly affect the emotions of respondents.Finally, the results of this process will be a reference for the recommendation of design elements in accordance with the respondent's emotional goals.V. CONCLUSION This research gathered eighteen kansei words and ten specimens, and according to multivariate analysis using multivariate analysis there were two psychological emotions expressed by kansei words that have great impact on interface design for application of parenting information system.According to two psychological emotion of funny and informative, we recommended new interface design concepts that the developers have to considerate it when designing an interface of application of parenting information system.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Average of Data Recapitulation According to the results of PLS we analyzed and found the recommendation for designing mobile parenting information system based on users' emotional concept of funny and concept of informative as shown in TableVIII, TableIX, Table X, Table XI and Table XII.